|
|
| 第1行： |
第1行： |
| − | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
| |
| − | {{distinguish|Addis Abebe}}
| |
| − | {{Refimprove|date=January 2010}}
| |
| − | <!-- Infobox starts !-->
| |
| − | {{Infobox settlement
| |
| − | |official_name = Addis Ababa
| |
| − | |native_name = አዲስ አበባ
| |
| − | |native_name_lang = am
| |
| − | |settlement_type = [[Capital city|Capital]]
| |
| − | |image_skyline = Addis Abeba montage 1.jpg
| |
| − | |image_caption = A montage of Addis Ababa's sights '''(from left to right)'''<br>'''Top:''' Addis Ababa City Hall, Lion of Jodah Monument, Tiglachin monument '''Middle:''' St.Georges Carthdral, Yakatit 12 Square, Addis Ababa Railway Station '''Bottom:''' Arat Kilo monument, View of Addis Ababa from Enato, Meskel Square
| |
| − | |imagesize = 250px
| |
| − | |nickname = City of Humans, Adisaba, Sheger, Finfinne, Adu, Adu Genet
| |
| − | |image_flag =
| |
| − | |image_seal =
| |
| − | |established_title = Chartered
| |
| − | |established_date = 1886
| |
| − | |pushpin_map = Ethiopia
| |
| − | |mapsize =
| |
| − | |map_caption = Location in Ethiopia
| |
| − | |coordinates_region = ET
| |
| − | |subdivision_type = Country
| |
| − | |subdivision_name = {{Flag|Ethiopia}}
| |
| − | |subdivision_type1 = Chartered City
| |
| − | |subdivision_name1 = Addis Ababa
| |
| − | |leader_title = Mayor
| |
| − | |leader_name = [[Kuma Demeksa]]
| |
| − | |area_magnitude =
| |
| − | |area_total_km2 = 527
| |
| − | |area_land_km2 = 527
| |
| − | |area_water_km2 =
| |
| − | |area_note = <ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=421&format=raw&Itemid=606 2011 National Statistics]</ref>
| |
| − | |population_as_of = 2008
| |
| − | |population_urban = 3384569
| |
| − | |population_note = <ref name="Ethiopia2007Census" />
| |
| − | |population_total = 3384569
| |
| − | |population_metro = 4567857
| |
| − | |area_metro_km2 =
| |
| − | |population_density_km2 = 5165.1
| |
| − | |timezone = [[East Africa Time]]
| |
| − | |utc_offset = +3
| |
| − | |timezone_DST =
| |
| − | |utc_offset_DST =
| |
| − | |latd = 9
| |
| − | |latm = 1
| |
| − | |lats = 48
| |
| − | |longd = 38
| |
| − | |longm = 44
| |
| − | |longs = 24
| |
| − | |latNS=N|longEW=E
| |
| − | |elevation_m = 2355
| |
| − | |elevation_ft = 7726
| |
| − | |latitude =
| |
| − | |longitude =
| |
| − | |area_code = (+251) 11
| |
| − | |website = http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/
| |
| − | |footnotes =
| |
| − | }} <!-- Infobox ends !-->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Addis Ababa''' ({{lang-am|አዲስ አበባ}}, ''{{transl|am|Addis Abäba}}'', {{IPA-am|adis aβəβa|IPA|Addis_Abeba.ogg}}, “new flower”; {{lang-om|Finfinne}}<ref name="Oromia&Ethiopia">{{cite book | last = Jalata | first = Asafa | title = Oromia and Ethiopia: state formation and ethnonational conflict, 1868-2004 | publisher = Red Sea Press | year = 2005 | pages = 235, 241 | isbn = 1-56902-246-1, 9781569022467}}</ref><ref name="OromoNationalism">{{cite book | last = Jalata | first = Asafa | title = Oromo nationalism and the Ethiopian discourse: the search for freedom and democracy | publisher = Red Sea Press | year = 1998 | page = 23 | isbn = 1-56902-066-3, 9781569020661}}</ref>), sometimes spelled '''Addis Abeba''' (the spelling used by the official [[Ethiopian Mapping Authority]]), is the capital city of [[Ethiopia]]. It is the largest city in Ethiopia, with a population of 3,384,569 according to the 2007 population census with annual growth rate of 3.8%. Based on this estimation, the population on the year 2013 would be 4,156,251. This datum has been increased from the originally published 2,738,248 figure and appears possibly largely underestimated still.<ref name="Ethiopia2007Census">{{cite web |url=http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_prelimineray.pdf |author=Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia |title=Census 2007, preliminary ('''pdf-file''') |accessdate=2008-12-07| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20081218100609/http://www.csa.gov.et/pdf/Cen2007_prelimineray.pdf| archivedate= 18 December 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>http://www.ethiodemographyandhealth.org/Chapter_2_Population_Data_Sources.pdf</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | As a [[Regions of Ethiopia|chartered city]] (''ras gez astedader''), Addis Ababa has the status of both a city and a state. It is where the [[African Union]] and its predecessor the [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU]] are based. It also hosts the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) and numerous other continental and international organizations. Addis Ababa is therefore often referred to as "the political capital of Africa", due to its historical, diplomatic and political significance for the continent.<ref name="Political capital of Africa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uneca.org/uncc/ |title=United Nations Economic Commission for Africa |publisher=UNECA |accessdate= 5 May 2012}}</ref> The city is populated by people from different regions of Ethiopia – the country has as many as 80 nationalities speaking 80 languages and belonging to a wide variety of religious communities. It is home to [[Addis Ababa University]]. The Federation of African Societies of Chemistry (FASC) and Horn of Africa Press Institute (HAPI) are also headquartered in Addis Ababa.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==History==
| |
| − | {{Main|History of Addis Ababa}}
| |
| − | The site of Addis Ababa was chosen by Empress [[Taytu Betul]] and the city was founded in 1886 by her husband, Emperor [[Menelik II of Ethiopia|Menelik II]]. The name of the city (ኣዲስ ኣበባ) was taken from parts of the city called ''hora Finfinnee'' ("hot springs") in [[Oromo language|Oromo]] {{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}. Another Oromo name of the city is Sheger{{Citation needed|date=April 2013}}. Menelik, as initially a King of the [[Shewa]] province, had found [[Mount Entoto]] a useful base for military operations in the south of his realm, and in 1879 visited the reputed ruins of a medieval town, and an unfinished rock church that showed proof of an Ethiopian presence in the area prior to the campaigns of [[Ahmad ibn Ibrihim]]. His interest in the area grew when his wife Taytu began work on a church on Entoto, and Menelik endowed a second church in the area.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | However the immediate area did not encourage the founding of a town due to the lack of [[firewood]] and water, so settlement actually began in the valley south of the mountain in 1886. Initially, Taytu built a house for herself near the "Filwoha" hot [[mineral springs]], where she and members of the Showan Royal Court liked to take mineral baths. Other nobility and their staffs and households settled the vicinity, and Menelik expanded his wife's house to become the [[Imperial Palace Addis Ababa|Imperial Palace]] which remains the seat of government in Addis Ababa today. The name changed to Addis Ababa and became Ethiopia's capital when Menelik II became Emperor of Ethiopia. The town grew by leaps and bounds. One of Emperor Menelik's contributions that is still visible today is the planting of numerous [[eucalyptus]] trees along the city streets.<ref>Pankhurst, p. 195</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | On 5 May 1936, Italian troops invaded Addis Ababa during the [[Second Italo-Abyssinian War]], making it the capital of [[Italian East Africa]] from 1936 to 1941, and calling it by the Italian rendition of its name, ''Addis Abeba''. After the Italian army in Ethiopia was defeated by the coalition of the Ethiopian patriots and British forces during the [[East African Campaign (World War II)|East African Campaign]], Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] returned to Addis Ababa on 5 May 1941—five years to the very day after he had departed—and immediately began the work of re-establishing his capital.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Emperor Haile Selassie helped form the [[Organization of African Unity]] in 1963, and invited the new organization to keep its headquarters in the city. The OAU was dissolved in 2002 and replaced by the [[African Union]] (AU), also headquartered in Addis Ababa. The [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]] also has its headquarters in Addis Ababa. Addis Ababa was also the site of the [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Council of the Oriental Orthodox Churches]] in 1965.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Ethiopia has often been called the original home of mankind due to various humanoid fossil discoveries like the [[Australopithecus|Australopithecine]] [[Lucy (Australopithecus)|Lucy]].<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/science/sciencenews/5299351/African-tribe-populated-rest-of-the-world.html African tribe from Ethiopia populated rest of the world].</ref> North eastern Africa, and the [[Afar Region|Afar]] region in particular was the central focus of these claims until recent DNA evidence suggested origins in south central Ethiopian regions like present-day Addis Ababa.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601081&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM&refer=australia |title=Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says | work=Bloomberg | date=21 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.efluxmedia.com/news_DNA_Links_Humanity_To_One_Common_Origin_Africa_14333.html |title=DNA Links Humanity To One Common Origin: Africa}}</ref> After analysing the DNA of almost 1,000 people around the world, geneticists and other scientists claimed people spread from what is now Addis Ababa 100,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |title=Around the world from Addis Ababa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsfromrussia.com/news/science/21-02-2008/104190-first_human-0 |title=New Study Proves Theory of Human Recent African Origin}}</ref> The research indicated that genetic diversity declines steadily the farther one's ancestors traveled from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/21/AR2008022102739.html?hpid=moreheadlines |title=Genetic Mutations Offer Insights on Human Diversity | work=The Washington Post | first=David | last=Brown | date=2008-02-22 | accessdate=2010-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bnd.com/news/nation/story/262406.html |title=DNA studies trace migration from Ethiopia}}</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Geography==
| |
| − | [[Image: Addis-Ababa and vicinities, Ethiopia, LandSat-5 false color satellite image, 2011-01-10.jpg|thumb|left| Addis-Ababa and vicinities (false colors satellite image): it is an urbanization strip connecting Addis Ababa and [[Debre Zeyit]] city (at image right bottom corner)]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Image:Addis Ababa SPOT.1003.jpg|thumb|right|Addis Ababa seen from SPOT satellite]]
| |
| − | Addis Ababa lies at an altitude of 7,546 feet (2,300 metres) and is a grassland biome, located at {{Coord|9|1|48|N|38|44|24|E|type:city(2757729)|display=inline,title}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |title=NGA: Country Files |publisher=Earth-info.nga.mil |accessdate= 5 May 2012}}</ref> The city lies at the foot of [[Mount Entoto]]. From its lowest point, around [[Bole International Airport]], at {{convert|2326|m|ft|}} above sea level in the southern periphery, the city rises to over {{convert|3000|m|ft|}} in the [[Entoto Mountains]] to the north.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Climate==
| |
| − | <!-- wait until there is enough surrounding text
| |
| − | {{climate chart
| |
| − | | Addis Ababa
| |
| − | | 9.0 | 23.3 | 16.8
| |
| − | | 10.3 | 24.3 | 36
| |
| − | | 11.6 | 24.8 | 68.2
| |
| − | | 12.0 | 24.2 | 88.8
| |
| − | | 12.3 | 24.4 | 76
| |
| − | | 11.2 | 22.8 | 123.5
| |
| − | | 11.3 | 20.6 | 259.4
| |
| − | | 11.2 | 20.6 | 278
| |
| − | | 11.0 | 21.3 | 174.1
| |
| − | | 9.9 | 22.3 | 41.1
| |
| − | | 8.7 | 22.6 | 8.3
| |
| − | | 8.1 | 22.8 | 10.2
| |
| − | |float = right
| |
| − | |clear = none
| |
| − | |source = NMAE <ref name = NMAE /> }} -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Addis Ababa has a [[Oceanic climate|Subtropical highland climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cwb''). The city has a complex mix of [[highland climate]] zones, with temperature differences of up to 10°C, depending on elevation and prevailing wind patterns. The high elevation moderates temperatures year-round, and the city's position near the [[equator]] means that temperatures are very constant from month to month.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Mid-November to January is a season for occasional rain. The Highland Climate regions are characterized by dry winters, and this is the dry season in Addis Ababa. During this season the daily maximum temperatures are usually not more that 23°C, and the night-time minimum temperatures can get to freezing. The short rainy season is from February to May. During this period, the difference between the daytime maximum temperatures and the night-time minimum temperatures are not as great as during other times of the year, with minimum temperatures in the range of 10–15°C. At this time of the year the city experiences warm temperature and a pleasant rainfall. The long wet season is from June to mid-September; it is the major winter season of the country. This period coincides with summer, but the temperatures are much lower than at other times of year due to the frequent rain and hail and the abundance of cloud cover and fewer hours of sunshine. This time of the year is characterized by dark, chilly and wet days and nights. The autumn which follows is a transitional period between the wet and dry seasons.
| |
| − | {{Weather box
| |
| − | |location = Addis Ababa
| |
| − | |metric first = y
| |
| − | |single line = y
| |
| − | |Jan high C = 23.0
| |
| − | |Feb high C = 24.3
| |
| − | |Mar high C = 24.8
| |
| − | |Apr high C = 24.2
| |
| − | |May high C = 24.4
| |
| − | |Jun high C = 20.0
| |
| − | |Jul high C = 17.9
| |
| − | |Aug high C = 20.0
| |
| − | |Sep high C = 21.3
| |
| − | |Oct high C = 22.3
| |
| − | |Nov high C = 22.6
| |
| − | |Dec high C = 22.8
| |
| − | | Jan mean C = 15.5
| |
| − | | Feb mean C = 16.7
| |
| − | | Mar mean C = 18.2
| |
| − | | Apr mean C = 18.4
| |
| − | | May mean C = 18.4
| |
| − | | Jun mean C = 15.6
| |
| − | | Jul mean C = 14.6
| |
| − | | Aug mean C = 15.7
| |
| − | | Sep mean C = 16.2
| |
| − | | Oct mean C = 16.1
| |
| − | | Nov mean C = 15.7
| |
| − | | Dec mean C = 15.5
| |
| − | |Jan low C = 8.0
| |
| − | |Feb low C = 9.0
| |
| − | |Mar low C = 11.6
| |
| − | |Apr low C = 12.0
| |
| − | |May low C = 12.3
| |
| − | |Jun low C = 11.2
| |
| − | |Jul low C = 11.3
| |
| − | |Aug low C = 11.2
| |
| − | |Sep low C = 11.0
| |
| − | |Oct low C = 9.9
| |
| − | |Nov low C = 8.7
| |
| − | |Dec low C = 8.1
| |
| − | |Jan rain mm = 16.8
| |
| − | |Feb rain mm = 36
| |
| − | |Mar rain mm = 68.2
| |
| − | |Apr rain mm = 88.8
| |
| − | |May rain mm = 76
| |
| − | |Jun rain mm = 123.5
| |
| − | |Jul rain mm = 259.4
| |
| − | |Aug rain mm = 278
| |
| − | |Sep rain mm = 174.1
| |
| − | |Oct rain mm = 41.1
| |
| − | |Nov rain mm = 8.3
| |
| − | |Dec rain mm = 10.2
| |
| − | |year rain mm = 1180.4
| |
| − | |Jan rain days = 3
| |
| − | |Feb rain days = 5
| |
| − | |Mar rain days = 7
| |
| − | |Apr rain days = 10
| |
| − | |May rain days = 10
| |
| − | |Jun rain days = 20
| |
| − | |Jul rain days = 27
| |
| − | |Aug rain days = 26
| |
| − | |Sep rain days = 18
| |
| − | |Oct rain days = 4
| |
| − | |Nov rain days = 1
| |
| − | |Dec rain days = 1
| |
| − | |source 1 = National Meteorological Agency <ref name= NMAE >{{cite web
| |
| − | |url= http://www.ethiomet.gov.et/index.php?Page_No=5&item=3
| |
| − | |title = NMA of Ethiopia
| |
| − | |accessdate=2010-05-09
| |
| − | |publisher =National Meteorological Agency of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia }}</ref>
| |
| − | |source 2 = [[World Meteorological Organisation]] (UN) <ref name= WMO >{{cite web
| |
| − | | url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/060/c00162.htm
| |
| − | | title = World Weather Information Service - Addis Ababa
| |
| − | | accessdate = 2010-05-09
| |
| − | | publisher = UN }}</ref>
| |
| − | |date=August 2010
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Demographics==
| |
| − | Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] of Ethiopia (CSA), Addis Ababa has a total population of 2,739,551, of whom 1,305,387 are men and 1,434,164 women; all of the population are urban inhabitants. For the capital city 662,728 households were counted living in 628,984 housing units, which results in an average of 4.1 persons to a household. Although all Ethiopian ethnic groups are represented in Addis Ababa due to its position as capital of the country, the largest groups include the [[Amhara (ethnicity)|Amhara]] (47.04%), [[Oromo people|Oromo]] (19.51%), [[Gurage]] (16.34%), [[Tigray-Tigrinya people|Tigray]] (6.18%), [[Silt'e people|Silt'e]] (2.94%), and [[Gamo people|Gamo]] (1.68%). Languages spoken include [[Amharic language|Amharic]] (71.0%), [[Oromo language|Oromiffa]] (10.7%), [[Gurage language|Gurage]] (8.37%), [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]] (3.60%), [[Silt'e language|Silt'e]] (1.82%) and [[Gamo language|Gamo]] (1.03%). The religion with the most believers in Addis Ababa is [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church|Ethiopian Orthodox]] with 74.7% of the population, while 16.2% are [[Islam in Ethiopia|Muslim]], 7.77% [[P'ent'ay|Protestant]], and 0.48% [[Roman Catholicism in Ethiopia|Catholic]].<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=265&format=raw&Itemid=521 "Census 2007 Tables: Addis Abeba"], Tables 2.1, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4. For Silt'e, the statistics of reported Shitagne speakers were used, on the assumption that this was a typographical error.</ref><!--Do not change these numbers without a source. The edit will be reverted.-->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the city's population was reported to be 2,112,737, of whom 1,023,452 were men and 1,089,285 were women. At that time not all of the population were urban inhabitants; only 2,084,588 or 98.7% were. For the entire administrative council there were 404,783 households in 376,568 housing units with an average of 5.2 persons per household. The major ethnic groups included the Amhara (48.3%), Oromo (19.2%), Gurage (13.5%; 2.3% [[Sebat Bet Gurage language|Sebat Bet]], and 0.8% [[Sodo]]), Tigray 7.64%, [[Silt'e people|Silt'e]] 3.98%, and foreigners from [[Eritrea]] 1.33%. Languages spoken included Amharic (72.6%), Oromiffa (10.0%), Gurage (6.54%), Tigrinya (5.41%), and Silt'e 2.29%. In 1994 the predominant religion was also Ethiopian Orthodox with 82.0% of the population, while 12.7% were Muslim, 3.87% Protestant, and 0.78% Catholic.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck14%5Ck14.pdf "The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Addis Ababa"], Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.8, 2.13A</ref>
| |
| − | <!-- With an estimated area of {{convert|530.14|km2|sqmi|sp=us}}, this chartered city has an estimated density of {{convert|5165.1|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi|spell=us}}. -->
| |
| − |
| |
| − | According to the 2007 national census, 98.64% of the housing units of Addis Ababa had access to [[Water supply and sanitation in Ethiopia|safe drinking water]], while 14.9% had flush toilets, 70.7% pit toilets (both ventilated and unventilated), and 14.3% had no toilet facilities.<ref>"Census 2007 Tables: Addis Abeba", Tables, 8.7, 8.8</ref> Values for other reported common indicators of the [[standard of living]] for Addis Ababa {{As of|2005|lc=on}} include the following: 0.1% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 93.6% and for women 79.95%, the highest in the nation for both sexes; and the civic [[infant mortality rate]] is 45 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life.<ref>Macro International Inc. [http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADM636.pdf "2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008)], pp. 2, 3, 10 (Retrieved 30 September 2010)</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The City is partially powered by water at the [[Koka Reservoir]] Koka Dam Power Plant.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Economy==
| |
| − | [[Image:Addis Abeba01 (Sam Effron).jpg|thumb|right|The bustling centre of Addis Ababa.]]
| |
| − | [[File:Dembel City Center.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dembel City Center]].]]
| |
| − | The economic activities in Addis Ababa are diverse. According to official statistics from the federal government, some 119,197 people in the city are engaged in trade and commerce; 113,977 in manufacturing and industry; 80,391 homemakers of different variety; 71,186 in civil administration; 50,538 in transport and communication; 42,514 in education, health and social services; 32,685 in hotel and catering services; and 16,602 in agriculture. In addition to the residents of rural parts of Addis Ababa, the city dwellers also participate in animal husbandry and cultivation of gardens. {{convert|677|ha|acre}} of land is irrigated annually, on which 129,880 quintals of vegetables are cultivated.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} It is a relatively clean and safe city, with the most common crimes being pickpocketing, scams and minor burglary.<ref>[https://www.osac.gov/Reports/report.cfm?contentID=64510 Overseas Security Advisory Council - Ethiopia 2007 Crime and Safety Report].</ref> The city has recently been in a construction boom with tall buildings rising in many places. Various luxury services have also become available and the construction of shopping malls has recently increased. According to Tia Goldenberg of ''IOL'', area spa professionals said that some people have labelled the city, "the spa capital of Africa."<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=nw20071106135517792C914512 Massages and manicures hit Addis Ababa] by Tia Goldenberg. Retrieved 2010-01-15. ''IOL'. 6 November 2007.</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Ethiopian Airlines]] has its headquarters on the grounds of [[Bole International Airport]] in Addis Ababa.<ref>"[http://www.ethiopianairlines.com/en/corporate/default.aspx Company Profile]." [[Ethiopian Airlines]]. Retrieved on 3 October 2009.</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Government==
| |
| − | [[Arkebe Oqubay]] was a Mayor of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. He held office from early 2003 to May 2005. On 31 March 2005, Arkebe Oqubay was named ''"African Mayor of 2005"'' by [[Broadcasting Network of Africa]]. Mayor Oqubay lost the mayorship of Addis Ababa in May 2005 to [[Berhanu Nega]], but after boycotting the parliament Berhanu Nega's C.U.D. or [[Kinijit]] party did not take control of the city government. The leaders of the [[Coalition for Unity and Democracy|CUD]], his opposition party which swept the election in the capital, were later imprisoned and not permitted to assume control of the city. They were pardoned and released after two years in prison.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Though most of the CUD refused to join the parliament, factions of CUD and all the rest of opposition parties joined parliament in 2005. The government has appointed a provisional city government with Berhanu Deresa the acting Mayor.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Landmarks==
| |
| − | Addis Ababa is the headquarters of the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]] and the [[African Union]].
| |
| − | The fossilized skeleton, and a plaster replica of the early hominid [[Lucy (Australopithecus)|Lucy]] (known in Ethiopia as ''Dinkinesh'') is preserved at the [[Ethiopian National Museum]] in Addis Ababa. [[Meskel Square]] is one of the noted squares in the city and is the site for the annual [[Meskel]] at the end of September annually when thousands gather in celebration.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The city is home to the [[Ethiopian National Library]], the [[Ethiopian Ethnological Museum]] (and [[Guenete Leul Palace|former Guenete Leul Palace]]), the [[Addis Ababa Museum]], the [[Ethiopian Natural History Museum]], the [[Ethiopian Railway Museum]] and the [[National Postal Museum (Ethiopia)|National Postal Museum]].
| |
| − | Notable buildings include [[St George's Cathedral (Addis Ababa)|St George's Cathedral]] (founded in 1896 and also home to a museum), [[Holy Trinity Cathedral (Addis Ababa)|Holy Trinity Cathedral]] (once the largest [[Ethiopian Orthodox Church|Ethiopian Orthodox Cathedral]] and the location of [[Sylvia Pankhurst]]'s tomb) as well as the burial place of Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] and the Imperial family, and those who fought the Italians during the war. There is also [[Menelek II of Ethiopia|Menelik]]'s old [[Imperial Palace Addis Ababa|Imperial palace]] which remains the official seat of government, and the [[National Palace (Ethiopia)|National Palace]] formerly known as the Jubilee Palace (built to mark Emperor Haile Selassie's Silver Jubilee in 1955) which is the residence of the President of Ethiopia. [[Africa Hall]] is located across Menelik II avenue from this Palace and is where the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa is headquartered as well as most UN offices in Ethiopia. It is also the site of the founding of the [[Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) which eventually became the [[African Union]]. The African Union is now housed in a new headquarters built on the site of the demolished Akaki prison, on land donated by Ethiopia for this purpose in the south western part of the city. The [[Hager Fikir Theatre]], the oldest theatre in Ethiopia, is located at the Piazza district. Near Holy Trinity Cathedral is the art deco Parliament building, built during the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie, with its clock tower. It continues to serve as the seat of Parliament today. Across from the Parliament is the Shengo Hall, built by the [[Derg]] regime of [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]] as its new parliament hall. The Shengo Hall was the world's largest pre-fabricated building, which was constructed in Finland before being assembled in Addis Ababa. It is used for large meetings and conventions.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | In the Mercato district, which happens to be the largest open market in Africa, is the impressive [[The Grand Anwar Mosque (Addis Ababa)|The Grand Anwar Mosque]], the biggest mosque in Ethiopia built during the Italian occupation. A few meters to the southwest of the Anwar Mosque is the Raguel Church built after the liberation by Empress Menen. The proximity of the mosque and the church has symbolized the long peaceful relations between Christianity and Islam in Ethiopia. The Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Holy Family is also in the Mercato district. Near [[Bole International Airport]] is the new Medhane Alem (Savior of the World) Orthodox Cathedral, which is the second largest in Africa.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Other features of the city include the large [[Addis Mercato|Mercato]] market, the [[Jan Meda Race Ground|Jan Meda]] [[racecourse]], [[Bihere Tsige Recreation Centre]] and a railway line to [[Djibouti]]. Sport facilities include [[Addis Abeba Stadium|Addis Ababa]] and [[Nyala Stadium]]s. The [[2008 African Championships in Athletics]] were held in Addis Ababa.
| |
| − | The [[Entoto Mountains]] start among the northern suburbs. Suburbs of the city include [[Shiro Meda]] and [[Entoto]] in the north, [[Urael]] and [[Bole, Addis Ababa|Bole]] (home to Bole International Airport) in the east, [[Nifas Silk]] in the south-east, [[Mekanisa]] in the south, and [[Keraniyo]] and [[Kolfe]] in the west. Kolfe was mentioned in Nelson Mandela's Autobiography "A Long Walk to Freedom", as the place he got military training.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The city hosts the We Are the Future center, a child care center that provides children with a higher standard of living. The center is managed under the direction of the mayor’s office, and the international NGO [[Glocal Forum]] serves as the fundraiser and program planner and coordinator for the WAF child center in each city. Each WAF city is linked to several peer cities and public and private partners to create a unique international coalition.
| |
| − | Launched in 2004, the program is the result of a strategic partnership between the Glocal Forum, the [[Quincy Jones]] Listen Up Foundation and Mr. Hani Masri, with the support of the [[World Bank]], UN agencies and major companies.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <center><gallery>
| |
| − | File:Arat Kilo Monument.JPG|Arat Kilo Monument
| |
| − | File:Ethiopian Commercial Bank Addis Abeba.jpg|Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
| |
| − | File:Meskal square.JPG|[[Meskel Square]]
| |
| − | File:Cathédrale Saint Georges Addis Abeba1.jpg|[[St George's Cathedral (Addis Ababa)|St George's Cathedral]]
| |
| − | File:HagerFikirTheatre.jpg|[[Hager Fikir Theatre]] (April 2006)
| |
| − | File:Ethiopian Television.JPG|Ethiopian Radio and Television station
| |
| − | File:Ethiopian Federal Police HQ Addis Abeba.JPG|Headquarters of the Ethiopian Federal Police
| |
| − | </gallery></center>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Education==
| |
| − | [[Image:Addis Abeba University (Sam Effron).jpg|thumb|right|[[Addis Ababa University]].]]
| |
| − | [[Addis Ababa University]] was founded in 1950 and was originally named "University College of Addis Ababa", then renamed in 1962 for the former Ethiopian emperor [[Haile Selassie of Ethiopia|Haile Selassie I]] who had donated his Genete Leul Palace to be the University main campus in the previous year. It received its current name in 1975 after the Emperor was deposed. Although the university has six of its seven campuses within Addis Ababa (the seventh is located in [[Debre Zeit]], about {{convert|45|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=/}} away), it also maintains branches in many cities throughout Ethiopia. It is the home of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies and the Ethnological Museum. The city also has numerous private colleges including [[Admas College]], [[Ethiopian Civil Service College]] and [[Unity University]]. A massive new University solely dedicated to science and technology is under contraction in the east of the city
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Transportation==
| |
| − | [[Image:Addis Abeba Taxis (Sam Effron).jpg|thumb|right|The distinctive Addis Ababa blue taxis]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Public transportation is through public [[bus]]es from [[Anbessa City Bus Service Enterprise]] or blue and white [[share taxi]]s. The taxis are usually [[minibus]]es that can seat at most twelve people. Two people are responsible for each taxi, the driver and a ''[[weyala]]'' who collects fares and calls out the taxi's destination.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The construction of the Addis Ababa Ring Road was initiated in 1998 to implement the city master plan and enhance peripheral development. The Ring Road was divided into three major phases that connect all the five main gates in and out of Addis Ababa with all other Regions ([[Jimma]], [[Debre Zeit]], [[Asmara]], [[Gojjam]] and [[Ambo, Ethiopia|Ambo]]). For this project, China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC) was the partner of Addis Ababa City Roads Authority (AACRA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pdf-searcher.com/ADDIS-ABABA-RING-ROAD-PROJECT:-A-Case-Study-of-a-Chinese-....html |accessdate=2010-12-08
| |
| − | |title=INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTI-NATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Addis Ababa Ring Road Project - A Case Study of a Chinese ...
| |
| − | }}</ref> The Ring Road has greatly helped to decongest and alleviate city car traffic.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | Intercity bus service is provided by the [[Selam Bus Line Share Company]].
| |
| − |
| |
| − | The city is served by [[Addis Ababa Bole International Airport]], where a new terminal opened in 2003. The old Lideta Airport in the western "Old Airport" district is used mostly by small craft and military planes and helicopters.{{Dubious|Lideta|date=May 2009}} Addis Ababa also has had a [[Ethio-Djibouti Railways|railway connection]] with [[Djibouti City]], with a picturesque French style railway station, but the railway no longer operates pending the construction of a new modern rail line to be built in the near future.
| |
| − |
| |
| − | A light rail system is planned; in September 2010, [[Ethiopian Railway Corp]] reached a funding agreement with [[Export and Import Bank of China]]. Plans include a 30 km network with two lines; an east-west line from Ayat to the Torhailoch ringroad, and from Menelik Square to Mercato Bus Station, Meskel Square and Akaki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/chinese-funding-for-addis-abeba-light-rail.html
| |
| − | |accessdate=2010-10-01
| |
| − | |title=Railway Gazette: Chinese funding for Addis Abeba light rail
| |
| − | | archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20101013001714/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/chinese-funding-for-addis-abeba-light-rail.html| archivedate= 13 October 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Cityscape==
| |
| − | <gallery>
| |
| − | File:Sheraton Addis.JPG|View from the Sheraton Hotel
| |
| − | File:Addis-sheraton.jpg|Addis Ababa cityscape, and the Sheraton Hotel
| |
| − | File:Addis Abeba City.jpg|View of Downtown Addis Ababa
| |
| − | File:Addis abeba ethiopie.jpg|Churchill Road
| |
| − | File:Addis Abeba12.jpg|High rise buildings overlooking the lion sculpture in front of the National Theatre (Beherawi)
| |
| − | File:AbounePetros.JPG|Abune Petros Square
| |
| − | File:Aerials Ethiopia 2009-08-27 15-26-13.JPG|Aerial view of Addis Ababa
| |
| − | File:Addis abeba taytu hotel.jpg|Taytu hotel
| |
| − | File:Addis Abeba Stadium.JPG|Addis Ababa Stadium
| |
| − | File:National Museum of Ethiopia Office facility.JPG|[[National Museum of Ethiopia]]
| |
| − | </gallery>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Sister cities==
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
| |
| − | |- valign="top"
| |
| − | |
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Israel}} '''[[Beersheba]]''', Israel, 2004 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beer-sheva.muni.il/ArimTeomot.asp |title=קשרים בין-ל�?ומיים של העיר ב�?ר-שבע |publisher=Beer-sheva.muni.il |accessdate= 5 May 2012}}</ref>
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Israel}} '''[[Netanya]]''', Israel, 2004 {{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} '''[[Beijing]]''', China, 2006
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|South Korea}} '''[[Chuncheon]]''', South Korea
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Leipzig]]''', Germany, 2004
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|United States}} '''[[San Francisco]]''', United States
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Israel}} '''[[Tel Aviv]]''', Israel
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|People's Republic of China}} '''[[Chongqing]]''', China
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|South Africa}} '''[[Johannesburg]]''', South Africa, 2002
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Thailand}} '''[[Bangkok]]''', Thailand, 2005
| |
| − | ||
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Cuba}} '''[[Havana]]''', Cuba, 2003
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[London]]''', United Kingdom
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Italy}} '''[[Rome]]''', Italy 2000
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Egypt}} '''[[Cairo]]''', Egypt
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} '''[[Dubai]]''', United Arab Emirates
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|India}} '''[[New Delhi]]''', India, 2004
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Brazil}} '''[[São Paulo]]''', Brazil 2010
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Turkey}} '''[[Istanbul]]''', Turkey
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Saudi Arabia}} '''[[Jeddah]]''', Saudi Arabia
| |
| − | * {{flagicon|Sweden}} '''[[Stockholm]]''', Sweden
| |
| − | |}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Notable people==
| |
| − | * [[Abebe Bikila]], Olympic champion in [[marathon]] in 1960 and 1964
| |
| − | * [[Mamo Wolde]], Olympic champion in marathon in 1968
| |
| − | *[[Dinaw Mengestu]], (1978) Author
| |
| − | *[[Nikos Papatakis]], (1918) Greek film director
| |
| − | *[[Meseret Defar]], (1983) 2004 Gold Medalist in 5000m
| |
| − | *[[Liya Kebede]], (1978) Ethiopian supermodel
| |
| − | *[[Mahmoud Ahmed]], distinguished Ethiopian singer
| |
| − | * [[Tilahun Gessesse]], famous Ethiopian singer
| |
| − | *[[Amsale Aberra]], famous fashion designer
| |
| − | * Professor [[Asrat Woldeyes]], surgeon/professor & AAPO founder
| |
| − | * Prince [[Ermias Sahle Selassie]], grandson of Emperor [[Haile Selassie]]
| |
| − | * [[Kenna]], Indie Rock Musician
| |
| − | * [[Haile Gebrselassie]], long distance runner
| |
| − | * Sheikh [[Mohammed Al Amoudi]], entrepreneur
| |
| − | *[[Thomas Gobena]], Musician currently in [[Gogol Bordello]]
| |
| − | *[[Robel Teklemariam]], Ethiopian Olympic cross-country skier
| |
| − | *[[Ruth Negga]], Irish actress
| |
| − | *[[Vikram Chatwal]], owner of Dream hotels
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==See also==
| |
| − | {{Portal|Ethiopia}}
| |
| − | *[[Large Cities Climate Leadership Group]]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==References==
| |
| − | {{Reflist|2}}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==Further reading==
| |
| − | * {{Cite book| author=Pankhurst, Richard | title=The Ethiopians: A History (Peoples of Africa)|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell; New Ed edition| year=2001| isbn=0-631-22493-9 |ref=Pankhurt 2001}}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | ==External links==
| |
| − | {{Commons category|Addis Ababa}}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Official'''
| |
| − | * [http://www.addisababacity.gov.et/ Addis Ababa City Administration]
| |
| − | * [http://www.ethiopar.net/English/basinfo/infoadds.html Addis Ababa City Council]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''General'''
| |
| − | * [http://www.addisallaround.com/ News, Entertainment, Classifieds and Hotels - Addis All Around (dot) com]
| |
| − | * [http://report.globalintegrity.org/ethiopia Global Integrity Report: Ethiopia] has details of anti-corruption programs and government censorship.
| |
| − | * [http://www.macalester.edu/courses/geog61/kshively/intro.html Introduction to Addis Ababa]
| |
| − | * [http://jimmatimes.com/Directory/p_Categories.cfm?categoryID=316&submitted=1&category=122 Hotels in Addis Ababa]
| |
| − | * [http://www.citymayors.com/mayors/addis_mayor.html Support for Mayor's overhaul of Addis Ababa]
| |
| − | * [http://clpmag.org/content/contentpages/2008/blogs/sarah/Stuteville_Dawn.php Dawn in Addis] Multimedia from CLPMag.org
| |
| − | * [http://www.addismap.com/ Interactive City Map and Business Finder]
| |
| − |
| |
| − | '''Travel guide'''
| |
| − | * {{Wikivoyage-inline}}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | {{Navboxes
| |
| − | |title = Articles Related to Addis Ababa
| |
| − | |list =
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | {{Streets in Addis Ababa}}
| |
| − | {{Cities of Ethiopia}}
| |
| − | {{Ethiopia}}
| |
| − | {{List of African capitals}}
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[Category:Addis Ababa| ]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Capitals in Africa]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Populated places established in 1886]]
| |
| − | [[Category:Regions of Ethiopia]]
| |
| | <br clear=all> | | <br clear=all> |
| | <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"> | | <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"> |
